The recent focus on supported single atoms as functional materials includes single‐atom catalysis in chemistry, single-atom transistor and memory in physics, and various types of practical applications. This emerging and exciting research field integrates many branches of sciences at the single atom limit and underscores the fundamental principle that individual atoms excel as the smallest functional material. Such an understanding of the nature of materials opens up many possibilities of constructing novel functional materials for desired properties. It is expected that the single atom research field will have a significant impact on both fundamental physical sciences and development of sustainable societies. In this presentation, I will discuss the current research status on single atoms as functional units and give examples of how we can manipulate single atoms for practical applications with a focus on single-atom catalysis, single-atom transistors, and single-atom memories.